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- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Korea, South
- Geography
-
-
- Location:
- Eastern Asia, southern half of the Korean peninsula bordering the Sea of
- Japan and the Yellow Sea, south of North Korea
- Map references:
- Asia
- Area:
- total area:
- 98,480 sq km
- land area:
- 98,190 sq km
- comparative area:
- slightly larger than Indiana
- Land boundaries:
- total 238 km, North Korea 238 km
- Coastline:
- 2,413 km
- Maritime claims:
- continental shelf:
- not specified
- territorial sea:
- 12 nm; 3 nm in the Korea Strait
- International disputes:
- Demarcation Line with North Korea; Liancourt Rocks claimed by Japan
- Climate:
- temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winter
- Terrain:
- mostly hills and mountains; wide coastal plains in west and south
- Natural resources:
- coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, lead, hydropower
- Land use:
- arable land:
- 21%
- permanent crops:
- 1%
- meadows and pastures:
- 1%
- forest and woodland:
- 67%
- other:
- 10%
- Irrigated land:
- 13,530 sq km (1989)
- Environment:
- current issues:
- air pollution in large cities; water pollution from the discharge of sewage
- and industrial effluents; driftnet fishing
- natural hazards:
- occasional typhoons bring high winds and floods; earthquakes in southwest
- international agreements:
- party to - Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered
- Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban,
- Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Whaling; signed,
- but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification, Law of
- the Sea
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Korea, South
- People
-
-
- Population:
- 45,553,882 (July 1995 est.)
- Age structure:
- 0-14 years:
- 24% (female 5,280,998; male 5,640,789)
- 15-64 years:
- 71% (female 15,877,182; male 16,291,183)
- 65 years and over:
- 5% (female 1,554,512; male 909,218) (July 1995 est.)
- Population growth rate:
- 1.04% (1995 est.)
- Birth rate:
- 15.63 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Death rate:
- 6.18 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Net migration rate:
- 0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Infant mortality rate:
- 20.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
- Life expectancy at birth:
- total population:
- 70.89 years
- male:
- 67.69 years
- female:
- 74.29 years (1995 est.)
- Total fertility rate:
- 1.66 children born/woman (1995 est.)
- Nationality:
- noun:
- Korean(s)
- adjective:
- Korean
- Ethnic divisions:
- homogeneous (except for about 20,000 Chinese)
- Religions:
- Christianity 48.6%, Buddhism 47.4%, Confucianism 3%, pervasive folk religion
- (shamanism), Chondogyo (Religion of the Heavenly Way) 0.2%
- Languages:
- Korean, English widely taught in high school
- Literacy:
- age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
- total population:
- 96%
- male:
- 99%
- female:
- 94%
- Labor force:
- 20 million
- by occupation:
- services and other 52%, mining and manufacturing 27%, agriculture, fishing,
- forestry 21% (1991)
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Korea, South
- Government
-
-
- Names:
- conventional long form:
- Republic of Korea
- conventional short form:
- South Korea
- local long form:
- Taehan-min'guk
- local short form:
- none
- note:
- the South Koreans generally use the term "Hanguk" to refer to their country
- Abbreviation:
- ROK
- Digraph:
- KS
- Type:
- republic
- Capital:
- Seoul
- Administrative divisions:
- 9 provinces (do, singular and plural) and 6 special cities* (jikhalsi,
- singular and plural); Cheju-do, Cholla-bukto, Cholla-namdo,
- Ch'ungch'ong-bukto, Ch'ungch'ong-namdo, Inch'on-jikhalsi*, Kangwon-do,
- Kwangju-jikhalsi*, Kyonggi-do, Kyongsang-bukto, Kyongsang-namdo,
- Pusan-jikhalsi*, Soul-t'ukpyolsi*, Taegu-jikhalsi*, Taejon-jikhalsi*
- Independence:
- 15 August 1948
- National holiday:
- Independence Day, 15 August (1948)
- Constitution:
- 25 February 1988
- Legal system:
- combines elements of continental European civil law systems, Anglo-American
- law, and Chinese classical thought
- Suffrage:
- 20 years of age; universal
- Executive branch:
- chief of state:
- President KIM Yong-sam (since 25 February 1993); election last held on 18
- December 1992 (next to be held NA December 1997); results - KIM Yong-sam
- (DLP) 41.9%, KIM Tae-chung (DP) 33.8%, CHONG Chu-yong (UPP) 16.3%, other 8%
- head of government:
- Prime Minister YI Hong-ku (since 17 December 1994); Deputy Prime Minister
- HONG Chae-yong (since 4 October 1994) and Deputy Prime Minister KIM Tok
- (since 23 December 1994)
- cabinet:
- State Council; appointed by the president on the prime minister's
- recommendation
- Legislative branch:
- unicameral
- National Assembly (Kukhoe):
- elections last held on 24 March 1992; results - DLP 38.5%, DP 29.2%,
- Unification National Party (UNP) 17.3% (name later changed to UPP), other
- 15%; seats - (299 total) DLP 149, DP 97, UNP 31, other 22; the distribution
- of seats as of January 1994 was DLP 172, DP 96, UPP 11, other 20
- note:
- the change in the distribution of seats reflects the fluidity of the current
- situation where party members are constantly switching from one party to
- another
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Korea, South
- Government
- Judicial branch:
- Supreme Court
- Political parties and leaders:
- majority party:
- Democratic Liberal Party (DLP), KIM Yong-sam, president
- opposition:
- Democratic Party (DP), YI Ki-taek, executive chairman; United People's Party
- (UPP), KIM Tong-kil, chairman; several smaller parties
- note:
- the DLP resulted from a merger of the Democratic Justice Party (DJP),
- Reunification Democratic Party (RDP), and New Democratic Republican Party
- (NDRP) on 9 February 1990
- Other political or pressure groups:
- Korean National Council of Churches; National Democratic Alliance of Korea;
- National Federation of Student Associations; National Federation of Farmers'
- Associations; National Council of Labor Unions; Federation of Korean Trade
- Unions; Korean Veterans' Association; Federation of Korean Industries;
- Korean Traders Association
- Member of:
- AfDB, APEC, AsDB, CCC, CP, EBRD, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,
- ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT,
- INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, OAS (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO,
- UNU, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
- Diplomatic representation in US:
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador PAK Kun-u
- chancery:
- 2450 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
- telephone:
- [1] (202) 939-5600
- consulate(s) general:
- Agana (Guam), Anchorage, Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Honolulu, Houston, Los
- Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco, and Seattle
- US diplomatic representation:
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador James T. LANEY
- embassy:
- 82 Sejong-Ro, Chongro-ku, Seoul
- mailing address:
- American Embassy, Unit 15550, Seoul; APO AP 96205-0001
- telephone:
- [82] (2) 397-4114
- FAX:
- [82] (2) 738-8845
- consulate(s):
- Pusan
- Flag:
- white with a red (top) and blue yin-yang symbol in the center; there is a
- different black trigram from the ancient I Ching (Book of Changes) in each
- corner of the white field
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Korea, South
- Economy
-
-
- Overview:
- The driving force behind the economy's dynamic growth has been the planned
- development of an export-oriented economy in a vigorously entrepreneurial
- society. Real GDP increased more than 10% annually between 1986 and 1991.
- This growth ultimately led to an overheated situation characterized by a
- tight labor market, strong inflationary pressures, and a rapidly rising
- current account deficit. As a result, in 1992, economic policy focused on
- slowing the growth rate of inflation and reducing the deficit. Annual growth
- slowed to 5%, still above the rate in most other countries of the world, and
- recovered to 6.3% in 1993. The economy expanded by 8.3% in 1994, driven by
- booming exports.
- National product:
- GDP - purchasing power parity - $508.3 billion (1994 est.)
- National product real growth rate:
- 8.3% (1994)
- National product per capita:
- $11,270 (1994 est.)
- Inflation rate (consumer prices):
- 5.6% (1994)
- Unemployment rate:
- 2% (November 1994)
- Budget:
- revenues:
- $63 billion
- expenditures:
- $63 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1995 est.)
- Exports:
- $96.2 billion (f.o.b., 1994)
- commodities:
- electronic and electrical equipment, machinery, steel, automobiles, ships,
- textiles, clothing, footwear, fish
- partners:
- US 26%, Japan 17%, EU 14%
- Imports:
- $102.3 billion (c.i.f., 1994)
- commodities:
- machinery, electronics and electronic equipment, oil, steel, transport
- equipment, textiles, organic chemicals, grains
- partners:
- Japan 26%, US 24%, EU 15%
- External debt:
- $44.1 billion (1993)
- Industrial production:
- growth rate 12.1% (1994 est.); accounts for about 45% of GNP
- Electricity:
- capacity:
- 26,940,000 kW
- production:
- 137 billion kWh
- consumption per capita:
- 2,847 kWh (1993)
- Industries:
- electronics, automobile production, chemicals, shipbuilding, steel,
- textiles, clothing, footwear, food processing
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Korea, South
- Economy
- Agriculture:
- accounts for 8% of GDP and employs 21% of work force (including fishing and
- forestry); principal crops - rice, root crops, barley, vegetables, fruit;
- livestock and livestock products - cattle, hogs, chickens, milk, eggs;
- self-sufficient in food, except for wheat; fish catch of 2.9 million metric
- tons, seventh-largest in world
- Economic aid:
- recipient:
- US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $3.9 billion; non-US countries
- (1970-89), $3 billion
- Currency:
- 1 South Korean won (W) = 100 chun (theoretical)
- Exchange rates:
- South Korean won (W) per US$1 - 790.48 (January 1995), 803.44 (1994), 802.67
- (1993), 780.65 (1992), 733.35 (1991), 707.76 (1990)
- Fiscal year:
- calendar year
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Korea, South
- Transportation
-
-
- Railroads:
- total:
- 6,763 km
- standard gauge:
- 6,716 km 1.435-meter gauge (525 km electrified; 847 km double track)
- narrow gauge:
- 47 km 0.610-meter gauge
- Highways:
- total:
- 63,200 km
- paved:
- expressways 1,550 km
- unpaved:
- NA
- undifferentiated:
- national highway 12,190 km; provincial, local roads 49,460 km (1991)
- Inland waterways:
- 1,609 km; use restricted to small native craft
- Pipelines:
- petroleum products 455 km
- Ports:
- Chinhae, Inch'on, Kunsan, Masan, Mokp'o, Pohang, Pusan, Ulsan, Yosu
- Merchant marine:
- total:
- 412 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,129,796 GRT/9,985,197 DWT
- ships by type:
- bulk 123, cargo 125, chemical tanker 17, combination bulk 1, combination
- ore/oil 1, container 61, liquefied gas tanker 13, multifunction large-load
- carrier 1, oil tanker 51, refrigerated cargo 9, short-sea passenger 1,
- vehicle carrier 9
- Airports:
- total:
- 114
- with paved runways over 3,047 m:
- 1
- with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:
- 22
- with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:
- 10
- with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
- 14
- with paved runways under 914 m:
- 63
- with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
- 4
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Korea, South
- Communications
-
-
- Telephone system:
- 13.3 million telephones; excellent domestic and international services
- local:
- NA
- intercity:
- NA
- international:
- 3 INTELSAT (2 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) earth stations
- Radio:
- broadcast stations:
- AM 79, FM 46, shortwave 0
- radios:
- NA
- Television:
- broadcast stations:
- 256 (1 kW or greater 57)
- televisions:
- NA
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Korea, South
- Defense Forces
-
-
- Branches:
- Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, National Maritime Police (Coast Guard)
- Manpower availability:
- males age 15-49 13,580,832; males fit for military service 8,701,742; males
- reach military age (18) annually 405,290 (1995 est.)
- Defense expenditures:
- exchange rate conversion - $14 billion, 3.3% of GNP (1995 est.)
-